This section focuses on teaching vocabulary as a reflection activity. The importance of teaching vocabulary in the preparation phase is often stressed but reviewing and elaborating on vocabulary in the reflection phase is very important as well. The following strategies were included within the chapter for learning vocabulary in the reflection phase.
The Dictionary Game: groups of 3-5 predict what a selected word means. The members members take turns choosing/predicting the definition of a word, then they compare their predictions to the actual definition. Points may be awarded for correct predictions.
Categorization: this is all about assigning something a class, group or division. The teacher selects a topic and the students supply words that help describe that topic. Then they organize the list into smaller lists of like items. Last, they decide on appropriate labels for each list of words. This strategy is intended for whole class participation.
In a Closed Word Sort, the teacher gives the categories or labels ahead of time versus an Open Word Sort.
Four-Column Organizer for Word Mastery
Within this strategy, the students are given a worksheet/graphic organizer with three columns on the front labeled Words, Definitions, and Knowledge Connection and one column on the back labeled Visual. Students will write the specified vocabulary words under the Words section and the word's definitions under the Definitions category. Underneath the Knowledge Connection section of the organizer, students are instructed to provide examples of how this word connects to them, whether it be in or out of the classroom environment. On the back page in the visual section, students are asked to draw a picture illustrating the meaning of the vocabulary words.
Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy
The Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) is used after students have completed a reading. The students are asked to look for words within their reading that they feel are important for their other classmates to know. The students are to share these terms with their classmates while the teacher records them on the board for everyone to see. Once each student has shared their words, the teacher will explain the meanings of each word and the class as a whole will decide which words are the most important for the class to know. After the students have chosen the words, they are instructed to write them down in their journals or some place that they can find them for future reference. The teacher will host discussions where the students are encouraged to use these words in sentences when talking with their peers.
Postgraphic Organizers- Students construct a postgraphic organizer after they have read. This organizer helps students make connections with other important keywords in the reading and allows them to review vocabulary.
A vocabulary study system- This strategy promotes the learning of vocabulary through different phases that are emphasized by the acronym TOAST.
T: Test. Students self-test in order to figure out which vocabulary terms they need to review.
O: Organize. Students use similarities to organize these vocabulary words into categories.
A: Anchor. Students use methods such as assigning a picture and a caption to a vocabulary term in order to make connections and gain a more in-depth understanding.
S: Say. Students work with a partner to review the words by calling out spellings, definitions, and uses in sentences.
T: Test. Student self-test themselves to prove understanding.
Semantic Feature Analysis
-technique to help students understand deeper meanings of language. A graphic example of this is a matrix with a list of terms/words on one side and list of characteristics on the other. As you go thru the list you cross out common features /characteristics of the words/terms.
example
Language Enrichment through Reflection
additional techniques that will aid in helping students understand and enjoy working with words.
Theses are the 8 techniques
1. imaging through keywords
2.word analogies
3. magic squares
4.vocabulary bingo5.vocabulary illustrations
6. word bubbles
7.odd word out
8.word inquiry
Four-Column Organizer and Self-Collection Strategy
T.O.A.S.T. and Post Graphic Organizers
Semantic Feature Analysis and Word Games
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